I mean I've played a lot single player, but can't beat unfair AI though
Spam LRM, set your planets' rally point to your capital ship, and expand and attack quickly. Eventually build a couple frigate factories on more front-line planets and build from there instead. It shouldn't take too long to get ~50 LRM; once you have that, you'll probably easily plow through whatever fleet your opponent's built.
Remember to upgrade your civilian infrastructure ASAP after you colonize; if you don't, you start losing a large amount of funds to underdevelopment. Asteroids require one infrastructure upgrade to stop losing credits, full-size planets require 2 civilian infrastructure upgrades.
Oh, and I recommend turning pirates off if you haven't already, they're too annoying, especially with AIs with income advantages, and add very little of value to the game.