Ah, the Unclean Beast. My bread and butter. 
The Unclean Beast is all about harassing! He cannot really tank damage for beans; he's made to finish off wounded demigods and waves of creeps. When I'm on playing the UB, I am roaming the map taking back flags. If I see an enemy DG or two fighting a teammate, I will usually come in, Spit on whoever my teammate is fighting, and move out- but not far. I circle around, spit, and if I see the chance for a kill I move in and melee. If I see the Queen's bramble shield go up, I don't even bother attacking as it's just wasted mana. If I see Oak, I definitely do not go toe to toe unless he is already hurt. If it's the Rook, I only jump in if he has his back turned.
The advice you are getting is right; the best thing for you to do is to react before he does.
Interrupt him before he can spit on you, or shield yourself just before he does. If you manage it, you've negated a lot of his damage already. If he gets a surprise "from behind" Spit off on you and then you see him roar, you're better off interrupting him and then getting away. That roar adds 25% weapon damage to him and, if he has a pile of +attack speed gear on, he is going to shred you. Big time.
You can beat him, but not by just plainly outdamaging him. You have to pull a Muhammad Ali-style "Rope-a-Dope", i.e. take or prevent his initial huge spike of damage, then counter-attack. Sounds complicated, but it's quite simple.