Where does the raw points come from

It is your population

How can it be higher with 1.8 population than it was with something like 3 or 4 pop? Is there a bug where the raw does not drop when the population diminishes? 

Your approval bonuses are also included in the number. You can have up to 25% bonus/penalty depending on your approval. 

Don't want to be overskeptical but are you sure  aapproval affect this raw number? Seems to be related to influence, growth and resistance.

Yes approval also effects production. That tooltip needs to be adjusted to reflect this.

Okay! So, if i show you this picture I just made, everything is normal? If I understand correctly the approval boost that happens in turn 4 helps me to overcome the loss of this raw number caused by the population drop? (I built colony ships and fully loaded them for the first 4 turns.)

To be more specific:

You get:

1) +5 production for every planet.

2) An additional +5 for the capital.

3) Production = Pop^.7 * 2

4) A few techs provide more.

5) Approval adds between 25% and -25% more production.

Yeah its the colony bonus (+5) plus the happy population.

Excellent thank you very much for these precisions!

Production =\= Manufacturing

The 3 windows at the bottom of your Planet screen show Manufacturing\Research\Wealth

Production is generally not shown except as Raw in the tooltips of these 3.

Production is divided by the Wheel to those 3 things. I believe you understand this.

The equation for Production is:

[production] = (1 + [production multipliers])*([flat production bonuses] + 2 *[population]^0.7)*f([approval])

                             production multipliers and flat production bonuses

are not shown in the tooltips yet but are made by things like the Government techs in the research window.

f([approval]) is roughly linear from 100% approval being 0.25 to 0% approval being -0.25

I hope this helps you. I have tried to keep this simplistic since I understand language barriers.

Thanks to Joeball for the equation.